Perl 6 示例生成并写入随机 DNA 序列
作者：Daniel Carrera
基于 Perl 5 的提交。
程序应该
通过从给定序列复制来生成 DNA 序列
通过从 2 个字母表中加权随机选择来生成 DNA 序列
将选择每个核苷酸的预期概率转换为累积概率
将随机数与这些累积概率进行匹配以选择每个核苷酸（使用线性搜索或二分搜索）
每次需要选择核苷酸时，使用此线性同余生成器计算随机数（不要缓存随机数序列）
IM = 139968
IA = 3877
IC = 29573
Seed = 42
Random (Max)
Seed = (Seed * IA + IC) modulo IM
= Max * Seed / IM以 FASTA 格式逐行写入 3 个序列。
http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u32/performance.php?test=fasta
用法
perl6 fasta.p6 1000
预期输出
>ONE Homo sapiens alu GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGA TCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACT AAAAATACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTCGGGAG GCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGGAGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCG CCACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAAGGCCGGGCGCGGT GGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCA GGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAATACAAAAA TTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAG AATCGCTTGAACCCGGGAGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCCA GCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAAGGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGT AATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACC AGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAATACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTG GTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACC CGGGAGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGCGACAG AGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAAGGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTT TGGGAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGGCCAACA TGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAATACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCT GTAATCCCAGCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGGAGGCGGAGG TTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGT CTCAAAAAGGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCGAGG CGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCG TCTCTACTAAAAATACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTA CTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGGAGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCG AGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAAGGCCG GGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACC TGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAA TACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTCGGGAGGCTGA GGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGGAGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACT GCACTCCAGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAAGGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTC ACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGT TCGAGACCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAATACAAAAATTAGC CGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCG CTTGAACCCGGGAGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCCAGCCTG GGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCG >TWO IUB ambiguity codes cttBtatcatatgctaKggNcataaaSatgtaaaDcDRtBggDtctttataattcBgtcg tactDtDagcctatttSVHtHttKtgtHMaSattgWaHKHttttagacatWatgtRgaaa NtactMcSMtYtcMgRtacttctWBacgaaatatagScDtttgaagacacatagtVgYgt cattHWtMMWcStgttaggKtSgaYaaccWStcgBttgcgaMttBYatcWtgacaYcaga gtaBDtRacttttcWatMttDBcatWtatcttactaBgaYtcttgttttttttYaaScYa HgtgttNtSatcMtcVaaaStccRcctDaataataStcYtRDSaMtDttgttSagtRRca tttHatSttMtWgtcgtatSSagactYaaattcaMtWatttaSgYttaRgKaRtccactt tattRggaMcDaWaWagttttgacatgttctacaaaRaatataataaMttcgDacgaSSt acaStYRctVaNMtMgtaggcKatcttttattaaaaagVWaHKYagtttttatttaacct tacgtVtcVaattVMBcttaMtttaStgacttagattWWacVtgWYagWVRctDattBYt gtttaagaagattattgacVatMaacattVctgtBSgaVtgWWggaKHaatKWcBScSWa accRVacacaaactaccScattRatatKVtactatatttHttaagtttSKtRtacaaagt RDttcaaaaWgcacatWaDgtDKacgaacaattacaRNWaatHtttStgttattaaMtgt tgDcgtMgcatBtgcttcgcgaDWgagctgcgaggggVtaaScNatttacttaatgacag cccccacatYScaMgtaggtYaNgttctgaMaacNaMRaacaaacaKctacatagYWctg ttWaaataaaataRattagHacacaagcgKatacBttRttaagtatttccgatctHSaat actcNttMaagtattMtgRtgaMgcataatHcMtaBSaRattagttgatHtMttaaKagg YtaaBataSaVatactWtataVWgKgttaaaacagtgcgRatatacatVtHRtVYataSa KtWaStVcNKHKttactatccctcatgWHatWaRcttactaggatctataDtDHBttata aaaHgtacVtagaYttYaKcctattcttcttaataNDaaggaaaDYgcggctaaWSctBa aNtgctggMBaKctaMVKagBaactaWaDaMaccYVtNtaHtVWtKgRtcaaNtYaNacg gtttNattgVtttctgtBaWgtaattcaagtcaVWtactNggattctttaYtaaagccgc tcttagHVggaYtgtNcDaVagctctctKgacgtatagYcctRYHDtgBattDaaDgccK tcHaaStttMcctagtattgcRgWBaVatHaaaataYtgtttagMDMRtaataaggatMt ttctWgtNtgtgaaaaMaatatRtttMtDgHHtgtcattttcWattRSHcVagaagtacg ggtaKVattKYagactNaatgtttgKMMgYNtcccgSKttctaStatatNVataYHgtNa BKRgNacaactgatttcctttaNcgatttctctataScaHtataRagtcRVttacDSDtt aRtSatacHgtSKacYagttMHtWataggatgactNtatSaNctataVtttRNKtgRacc tttYtatgttactttttcctttaaacatacaHactMacacggtWataMtBVacRaSaatc cgtaBVttccagccBcttaRKtgtgcctttttRtgtcagcRttKtaaacKtaaatctcac aattgcaNtSBaaccgggttattaaBcKatDagttactcttcattVtttHaaggctKKga tacatcBggScagtVcacattttgaHaDSgHatRMaHWggtatatRgccDttcgtatcga aacaHtaagttaRatgaVacttagattVKtaaYttaaatcaNatccRttRRaMScNaaaD gttVHWgtcHaaHgacVaWtgttScactaagSgttatcttagggDtaccagWattWtRtg ttHWHacgattBtgVcaYatcggttgagKcWtKKcaVtgaYgWctgYggVctgtHgaNcV taBtWaaYatcDRaaRtSctgaHaYRttagatMatgcatttNattaDttaattgttctaa ccctcccctagaWBtttHtBccttagaVaatMcBHagaVcWcagBVttcBtaYMccagat gaaaaHctctaacgttagNWRtcggattNatcRaNHttcagtKttttgWatWttcSaNgg gaWtactKKMaacatKatacNattgctWtatctaVgagctatgtRaHtYcWcttagccaa tYttWttaWSSttaHcaaaaagVacVgtaVaRMgattaVcDactttcHHggHRtgNcctt tYatcatKgctcctctatVcaaaaKaaaagtatatctgMtWtaaaacaStttMtcgactt taSatcgDataaactaaacaagtaaVctaggaSccaatMVtaaSKNVattttgHccatca cBVctgcaVatVttRtactgtVcaattHgtaaattaaattttYtatattaaRSgYtgBag aHSBDgtagcacRHtYcBgtcacttacactaYcgctWtattgSHtSatcataaatataHt cgtYaaMNgBaatttaRgaMaatatttBtttaaaHHKaatctgatWatYaacttMctctt ttVctagctDaaagtaVaKaKRtaacBgtatccaaccactHHaagaagaaggaNaaatBW attccgStaMSaMatBttgcatgRSacgttVVtaaDMtcSgVatWcaSatcttttVatag ttactttacgatcaccNtaDVgSRcgVcgtgaacgaNtaNatatagtHtMgtHcMtagaa attBgtataRaaaacaYKgtRccYtatgaagtaataKgtaaMttgaaRVatgcagaKStc tHNaaatctBBtcttaYaBWHgtVtgacagcaRcataWctcaBcYacYgatDgtDHccta >THREE Homo sapiens frequency aacacttcaccaggtatcgtgaaggctcaagattacccagagaacctttgcaatataaga atatgtatgcagcattaccctaagtaattatattctttttctgactcaaagtgacaagcc ctagtgtatattaaatcggtatatttgggaaattcctcaaactatcctaatcaggtagcc atgaaagtgatcaaaaaagttcgtacttataccatacatgaattctggccaagtaaaaaa tagattgcgcaaaattcgtaccttaagtctctcgccaagatattaggatcctattactca tatcgtgtttttctttattgccgccatccccggagtatctcacccatccttctcttaaag gcctaatattacctatgcaaataaacatatattgttgaaaattgagaacctgatcgtgat tcttatgtgtaccatatgtatagtaatcacgcgactatatagtgctttagtatcgcccgt gggtgagtgaatattctgggctagcgtgagatagtttcttgtcctaatatttttcagatc gaatagcttctatttttgtgtttattgacatatgtcgaaactccttactcagtgaaagtc atgaccagatccacgaacaatcttcggaatcagtctcgttttacggcggaatcttgagtc taacttatatcccgtcgcttactttctaacaccccttatgtatttttaaaattacgttta ttcgaacgtacttggcggaagcgttattttttgaagtaagttacattgggcagactcttg acattttcgatacgactttctttcatccatcacaggactcgttcgtattgatatcagaag ctcgtgatgattagttgtcttctttaccaatactttgaggcctattctgcgaaatttttg ttgccctgcgaacttcacataccaaggaacacctcgcaacatgccttcatatccatcgtt cattgtaattcttacacaatgaatcctaagtaattacatccctgcgtaaaagatggtagg ggcactgaggatatattaccaagcatttagttatgagtaatcagcaatgtttcttgtatt aagttctctaaaatagttacatcgtaatgttatctcgggttccgcgaataaacgagatag attcattatatatggccctaagcaaaaacctcctcgtattctgttggtaattagaatcac acaatacgggttgagatattaattatttgtagtacgaagagatataaaaagatgaacaat tactcaagtcaagatgtatacgggatttataataaaaatcgggtagagatctgctttgca attcagacgtgccactaaatcgtaatatgtcgcgttacatcagaaagggtaactattatt aattaataaagggcttaatcactacatattagatcttatccgatagtcttatctattcgt tgtatttttaagcggttctaattcagtcattatatcagtgctccgagttctttattattg ttttaaggatgacaaaatgcctcttgttataacgctgggagaagcagactaagagtcgga gcagttggtagaatgaggctgcaaaagacggtctcgacgaatggacagactttactaaac caatgaaagacagaagtagagcaaagtctgaagtggtatcagcttaattatgacaaccct taatacttccctttcgccgaatactggcgtggaaaggttttaaaagtcgaagtagttaga ggcatctctcgctcataaataggtagactactcgcaatccaatgtgactatgtaatactg ggaacatcagtccgcgatgcagcgtgtttatcaaccgtccccactcgcctggggagacat gagaccacccccgtggggattattagtccgcagtaatcgactcttgacaatccttttcga ttatgtcatagcaatttacgacagttcagcgaagtgactactcggcgaaatggtattact aaagcattcgaacccacatgaatgtgattcttggcaatttctaatccactaaagcttttc cgttgaatctggttgtagatatttatataagttcactaattaagatcacggtagtatatt gatagtgatgtctttgcaagaggttggccgaggaatttacggattctctattgatacaat ttgtctggcttataactcttaaggctgaaccaggcgtttttagacgacttgatcagctgt tagaatggtttggactccctctttcatgtcagtaacatttcagccgttattgttacgata tgcttgaacaatattgatctaccacacacccatagtatattttataggtcatgctgttac ctacgagcatggtattccacttcccattcaatgagtattcaacatcactagcctcagaga tgatgacccacctctaataacgtcacgttgcggccatgtgaaacctgaacttgagtagac gatatcaagcgctttaaattgcatataacatttgagggtaaagctaagcggatgctttat ataatcaatactcaataataagatttgattgcattttagagttatgacacgacatagttc actaacgagttactattcccagatctagactgaagtactgatcgagacgatccttacgtc gatgatcgttagttatcgacttaggtcgggtctctagcggtattggtacttaaccggaca ctatactaataacccatgatcaaagcataacagaatacagacgataatttcgccaacata tatgtacagaccccaagcatgagaagctcattgaaagctatcattgaagtcccgctcaca atgtgtcttttccagacggtttaactggttcccgggagtcctggagtttcgacttacata aatggaaacaatgtattttgctaatttatctatagcgtcatttggaccaatacagaatat tatgttgcctagtaatccactataacccgcaagtgctgatagaaaatttttagacgattt ataaatgccccaagtatccctcccgtgaatcctccgttatactaattagtattcgttcat acgtataccgcgcatatatgaacatttggcgataaggcgcgtgaattgttacgtgacaga gatagcagtttcttgtgatatggttaacagacgtacatgaagggaaactttatatctata gtgatgcttccgtagaaataccgccactggtctgccaatgatgaagtatgtagctttagg tttgtactatgaggctttcgtttgtttgcagagtataacagttgcgagtgaaaaaccgac gaatttatactaatacgctttcactattggctacaaaatagggaagagtttcaatcatga gagggagtatatggatgctttgtagctaaaggtagaacgtatgtatatgctgccgttcat tcttgaaagatacataagcgataagttacgacaattataagcaacatccctaccttcgta acgatttcactgttactgcgcttgaaatacactatggggctattggcggagagaagcaga tcgcgccgagcatatacgagacctataatgttgatgatagagaaggcgtctgaattgata catcgaagtacactttctttcgtagtatctctcgtcctctttctatctccggacacaaga attaagttatatatatagagtcttaccaatcatgttgaatcctgattctcagagttcttt ggcgggccttgtgatgactgagaaacaatgcaatattgctccaaatttcctaagcaaatt ctcggttatgttatgttatcagcaaagcgttacgttatgttatttaaatctggaatgacg gagcgaagttcttatgtcggtgtgggaataattcttttgaagacagcactccttaaataa tatcgctccgtgtttgtatttatcgaatgggtctgtaaccttgcacaagcaaatcggtgg tgtatatatcggataacaattaatacgatgttcatagtgacagtatactgatcgagtcct ctaaagtcaattacctcacttaacaatctcattgatgttgtgtcattcccggtatcgccc gtagtatgtgctctgattgaccgagtgtgaaccaaggaacatctactaatgcctttgtta ggtaagatctctctgaattccttcgtgccaacttaaaacattatcaaaatttcttctact tggattaactacttttacgagcatggcaaattcccctgtggaagacggttcattattatc ggaaaccttatagaaattgcgtgttgactgaaattagatttttattgtaagagttgcatc tttgcgattcctctggtctagcttccaatgaacagtcctcccttctattcgacatcgggt ccttcgtacatgtctttgcgatgtaataattaggttcggagtgtggccttaatgggtgca actaggaatacaacgcaaatttgctgacatgatagcaaatcggtatgccggcaccaaaac gtgctccttgcttagcttgtgaatgagactcagtagttaaataaatccatatctgcaatc gattccacaggtattgtccactatctttgaactactctaagagatacaagcttagctgag accgaggtgtatatgactacgctgatatctgtaaggtaccaatgcaggcaaagtatgcga gaagctaataccggctgtttccagctttataagattaaaatttggctgtcctggcggcct cagaattgttctatcgtaatcagttggttcattaattagctaagtacgaggtacaactta tctgtcccagaacagctccacaagtttttttacagccgaaacccctgtgtgaatcttaat atccaagcgcgttatctgattagagtttacaactcagtattttatcagtacgttttgttt ccaacattacccggtatgacaaaatgacgccacgtgtcgaataatggtctgaccaatgta ggaagtgaaaagataaatat
源代码：fasta.p6
use v6;
constant IM = 139968;
constant IA = 3877;
constant IC = 29573;
constant LINELENGTH = 60;
my $Seed = 42;
my @iub = (
['a', 0.27], ['c', 0.12], ['g', 0.12],
['t', 0.27], ['B', 0.02], ['D', 0.02],
['H', 0.02], ['K', 0.02], ['M', 0.02],
['N', 0.02], ['R', 0.02], ['S', 0.02],
['V', 0.02], ['W', 0.02], ['Y', 0.02]
);
my @homosapiens = (
['a', 0.3029549426680],
['c', 0.1979883004921],
['g', 0.1975473066391],
['t', 0.3015094502008]
);
my $alu = 'GGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGG' ~
'GAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGA' ~
'CCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAAT' ~
'ACAAAAATTAGCCGGGCGTGGTGGCGCGCGCCTGTAATCCCA' ~
'GCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATCGCTTGAACCCGGG' ~
'AGGCGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCC' ~
'AGCCTGGGCGACAGAGCGAGACTCCGTCTCAAAAA';
my $n = (@*ARGS[0] || 1000) ;
makeCumulative(@iub);
makeCumulative(@homosapiens);
makeRepeatFasta('ONE', 'Homo sapiens alu', $n*2, $alu);
makeRandomFasta('TWO', 'IUB ambiguity codes', $n*3, @iub);
makeRandomFasta('THREE', 'Homo sapiens frequency', $n*5, @homosapiens);
sub makeCumulative(@genelist) {
my $cp = 0.0;
for @genelist -> @gene {
@gene[1] = $cp += @gene[1];
}
}
sub makeRepeatFasta($id, $desc, $n, $s) {
say ">$id $desc";
my $r = $s.chars;
my $ss = $s ~ $s ~ $s.substr(0, $n % $r);
for 0..($n div LINELENGTH)-1 -> $k {
my $i = $k*LINELENGTH % $r;
say $ss.substr($i, LINELENGTH);
}
if ($n % LINELENGTH) {
say $ss.substr(*-($n % LINELENGTH));
}
}
sub makeRandomFasta($id, $desc, $n, @genelist) {
say ">$id $desc";
# print whole lines
for 1 .. ($n div LINELENGTH) {
say selectRandom(@genelist, LINELENGTH);
}
# print remaining line (if required)
if ($n % LINELENGTH) {
say selectRandom(@genelist, $n % LINELENGTH);
}
}
sub selectRandom(@genelist, $length) {
my @rand = gen_random($length);
my $seq = '';
for @rand -> $rand {
for @genelist -> @gene {
if ($rand < @gene[1]) { $seq ~= @gene[0]; last; }
}
}
return $seq;
}
sub gen_random($length) {
map {
$Seed = ($Seed * IA + IC) % IM;
$Seed / IM;
} , 1..$length;
}